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It had been signed in the name of "all national organizations of Estonia" by Aleksander Warma, Karl Talpak and several others, seconding the request. UNAM. Views diverge on history of Estonia during World War II and following the occupation by Nazi Germany. [116][117] [30][31] He referred to the Big Three and China as the "Four Policemen" repeatedly from 1942.[32]. Westport, Connecticut, US: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2003. pp. Three days later, on June 25, Finland declared herself to once again be in a state of war with the USSR, starting the Continuation War. In 1944, Liberia and France signed. Retrieved 27 April 2012, United Nations Security Council: Official Records: First Year, First Series, First Meeting. The Soviets invaded on 17 September at 3 a.m.,[91] while president Mocicki crossed the Polish-Romanian border at 21:45 on the same day.[92]. On 1 September 1939, Germany invaded Poland; two days later Britain and France declared war on Germany. [39] The Soviet Union soon entered in alliance with the United Kingdom. Wow what a great story. (After receiving a lukewarm response throughout the spring and summer, Stalin abandoned attempts for a better diplomatic relationship with France and the United Kingdom. English translation. [citation needed]. [39] The popular front strategy was terminated from 1939 to 1941, when the Soviet Union cooperated with Germany in 1939 in the occupation and partitioning of Poland. France experienced several major phases of action during World War II: In Africa these included: French West Africa, French Equatorial Africa, the League of Nations mandates of French Cameroun and French Togoland, French Madagascar, French Somaliland, and the protectorates of French Tunisia and French Morocco. He takes from them their whole political and economic existence and seeks even to deprive them of their history and culture. Estonia had gained independence in 1918 from the then warring German and Russian Empires. [64] Initially Mao Zedong accepted the demands of the Soviet Union and in 1938 had recognized Chiang Kai-shek as the "leader" of the "Chinese people". forces to the relief of 7,000 British forces trapped by the Japanese in the Battle of Yenangyaung. ), (The SS and Police Leader (SSPF) was responsible for internal security and war against the resistance and was directly subordinated to the Higher SS and Police Leader (HSSPF) of Ostland, not to the Generalkommissar. In 1942 Roosevelt proposed becoming, with China, the Four Policemen of world peace. Berlin even began to transfer captured Soviet arms and equipment to the group and swapped intelligence with them - anything to forestall the advancing Russians. My father, at that time, was in Kuressaare on the island of Saaremaa. Forces and resources of the European combatants, 1939, The Baltic states and the Russo-Finnish War, 193940, The war in the west, September 1939June 1940, The invasion of the Low Countries and France, Italys entry into the war and the French Armistice, The Atlantic and the Mediterranean, 194041, Pearl Harbor and the Japanese expansion, to July 1942, Developments from autumn 1941 to spring 1942, Allied strategy and controversies, 194042, The Germans summer offensive in southern Russia, 1942, The Solomons, Papua, Madagascar, the Aleutians, and Burma, July 1942May 1943, Montgomerys Battle of el-Alamein and Rommels retreat, 194243, Stalingrad and the German retreat, summer 1942February 1943, The invasion of northwest Africa, NovemberDecember 1942, The Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the North Sea, 194245, The Eastern Front, FebruarySeptember 1943, The Southwest and South Pacific, JuneOctober 1943, The Allied landings in Europe and the defeat of the Axis powers, Developments from autumn 1943 to summer 1944, Sicily and the fall of Mussolini, JulyAugust 1943, The Allies invasion of Italy and the Italian volte-face, 1943, The western Allies and Stalin: Cairo and Tehrn, 1943, The Eastern Front, October 1943April 1944, The war in the Pacific, October 1943August 1944, The Burmese frontier and China, November 1943summer 1944, Developments from summer 1944 to autumn 1945, The Allied invasions of western Europe, JuneNovember 1944, Allied policy and strategy: Octagon (Quebec II) and Moscow, 1944, The Philippines and Borneo, from September 1944, The German offensive in the west, winter 194445, The Soviet advance to the Oder, JanuaryFebruary 1945, The end of the Japanese war, FebruarySeptember 1945, Pop Quiz: 17 Things to Know About World War II. Some Jews were transferred by sea to the Stutthof concentration camp near Danzig. Where had these people been pulled from? A major turning point in the Pacific War was the Battle of Midway where American naval forces were outnumbered by Japanese forces that had been sent to Midway to draw out and destroy American aircraft carriers in the Pacific and seize control of Midway that would place Japanese forces in proximity to Hawaii. There were the 26 original signatories of the declaration; the Big Four were listed first: The United Nations began growing immediately after its formation. For the Cold War group, see, British wartime poster supporting Poland after the, American wartime poster promoting aid to China during the, Toggle Formation of the "Grand Alliance" subsection, Toggle Major affiliated state combatants subsection, Toggle Other affiliated state combatants subsection, Toggle Client and occupied states subsection, Toggle Co-belligerent state combatants subsection, Toggle Timeline of allied nations entering the war subsection, Timeline of allied nations entering the war, Richard W. Van Alstyne, "The United States and Russia in World War II: Part I". The Philippines, still owned by Washington but granted international diplomatic recognition, was allowed to join on 10 June despite its occupation by Japan. Paris Peace Conference: documents (1946), p. 802, Article 26.a 'Memoranda submitted by Albanian Government on the Draft Peace Treaty with Italy' "proposed amendmentFor the purposes of this Treaty, Albania shall be considered as an Associated Power. Many of Jewish people were deported to Siberia along with other Estonians by the Soviets. About 700 European Jews of Ashkenazi Jewish descent reached the settlement where each family received 33 hectares (82 acres) of land, 10 cows (plus 2 additional cows per children), a mule and a horse, and a US$10,000 loan (equivalent to about $199,000 in 2022[78]) at 1% interest. We had managed to escape just in time! Since then, the official explanations for Europe's worst maritime disaster since World War II have only gotten "curiouser and . The Soviet Union, having been betrayed by the Axis attack in 1941, greatly despised German belligerence and the unchallenged Japanese expansion in the East, particularly considering their defeat in previous wars with Japan; the Soviets also recognized, as the U.S. and Britain had suggested, the advantages of a two-front war. Nortraship was the world's largest shipping company, and at its height operated more than 1000 ships. Estonia was assigned to the sphere of influence of the Soviet Union. It is that Germany seeks to establish a domination of the world completely different from any known in world history. The Kremlin's European affairs chief Sergei Yastrzhembsky: "There was no occupation.". It quickly entered World War II, officially declaring war on Germany on 3 September 1939, just hours after Britain. The United States would now expect interest with the repayment from the Soviets, following the initiation of the Operation Barbarossa, at the end of the warthe United States were not looking to support any "postwar Soviet reconstruction efforts",[25] which eventually manifested into the Molotov Plan. In Asia and Oceania France has several territories: French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna, New Caledonia, the New Hebrides, French Indochina, French India, Guangzhouwan, the mandates of Greater Lebanon and French Syria. The conclusions of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity are available online. The various German families who chose to remain in Estonia were now desperate to leave. The annexation of Estonia by the USSR in 1940 was complete, but never recognized internationally except by Eastern Bloc countries. These occupations had a dramatic impact on Jews in Estonia. Additionally, a small northeastern part of the border region known as Trans-Olza was occupied by and annexed to Poland. Learn more about the . After the resettlement concluded it became apparent that many Baltic German families chose to remain in Estonia and life briefly returned to normal. [115], The Declaration by United Nations on 1 January 1942, signed by the Four Policemen the United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union and China and 22 other nations laid the groundwork for the future of the United Nations. Once the Soviets had forced a passage on the Karelian Isthmus, Finlands eventual collapse was certain. [8][9], In June 1944 the elector's assembly of the Republic of Estonia gathered in secrecy from the occupying powers in Tallinn and appointed Jri Uluots as the prime minister with the responsibilities of the President. When World War Two broke out in September 1939, no-one could have imagined the horrific consequences it would have for Estonia and its people. China had already been at war with Japan since 1937, and formally joined the Allies in December 1941. [33] In Rio de Janeiro, Brazilian dictator Getlio Vargas was considered near to fascist ideas, but realistically joined the United Nations after their evident successes. Yugoslavia entered the war on the Allied side after the invasion of Axis powers on 6 April 1941. He just takes all their wealth and, to prevent any revolt, he scientifically seeks the physical and moral degradation of those whose independence he has taken away.[37]. In the United Kingdom, they joined numerous other governments in exile from Nazi-occupied Europe. Norwegian troops in exile should primarily be prepared for the liberation of Norway, but could also be used to defend Britain. Mongolia fought against Japan during the Battles of Khalkhin Gol in 1939 and the SovietJapanese War in August 1945 to protect its independence and to liberate Southern Mongolia from Japan and China. Dutch troops, aircraft and escaped ships continued to fight on the Allied side and also mounted a guerrilla campaign in Timor. At the start of the war Australia followed Britain's foreign policies and accordingly declared war against Germany on 3 September 1939. From early on, the Germans subjected Estonian Jews to harsh measures including confiscation of property and forcing them to wear yellow badges identifying them as Jews. With the advance of the Soviet army in the fall of 1944, the Nazis evacuated the Estonian camps, as well as other camps throughout the Baltics. China fought the Japanese Empire before joining the Allies in the Pacific War. The Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians simply looked on in utter dismay as their own countries were bulldozed to rubble. We were finally safe! The US played a central role in liaising among the Allies and especially among the Big Four. Belgian troops and pilots continued to fight on the Allied side as the Free Belgian Forces. British and Canadian troops arrived in Belgium in September 1944 and the capital, Brussels, was liberated on 6 September. The 8th Army (Major General Ljubovtsev), retreated in front of the 2nd corps of the German Army behind the Prnu River - the Emajgi River line on July 12. The Nazi regime demanded the immediate cancellation of the Treaty of Versailles and made claims over German-populated Austria and the German-populated territories of Czechoslovakia. Then the nazis came, then the Soviets came back. On July 3, Joseph Stalin made his public statement over the radio calling for scorched-earth policy in the areas to be abandoned. An agreement had been reached with the Germans, and the Estonians were promised amnesty if they chose to return and fight in the SS. [31] It says that there is an evidence of Estonian units' involvement in crimes against humanity, and acts of genocide; however, the commission noted, Given the frequency with which police units changed their personnel, the Commission does not believe that membership in the cited units, or in any specific unit is, on its own, proof of involvement in crimes. Roughly two weeks after Germany's attack, the Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east. Upon the intervention of the Soviet Union against Japan in World War II in 1945, Mao Zedong in April and May 1945 had planned to mobilize 150,000 to 250,000 soldiers from across China to work with forces of the Soviet Union in capturing Manchuria. We qualified to take part in the resettlement program due to our Baltic German ancestry but my father later convinced my mother that we should stay. These attacks prompted President Manuel vila Camacho to declare war on the Axis powers. In 2004 controversy regarding the events of World War II in Estonia surrounded the Monument of Lihula. The original terms of the Lend-Lease loan were amended towards the Soviets, to be put in line with British terms. September in 1939 began just like any other autumn. A few items were sold but most were simply given away. Almost half the Estonian Jews lived in Tallinn, the capital city. [28] Several thousand foreign Jews were killed at the Kalevi-Liiva camp. When the Soviets retreated from Estonia and Germany fully occupied it, in the summer of 1941, the Germans continued the practice of dragooning Estonian men, although the majority joined the German Army voluntarily, often out of the desire to fight the USSR, which had made strong enemies with many groups of society in Estonia after introducing their Marxist economic system. He began to ask the sailor about every last detail. [attribution needed][81], Recently, due to a research work carried out by the Embassy of the United States of America in Santo Domingo and the Institute of Dominican Studies of the City of New York (CUNY), documents of the Department of Defense were discovered in which it was confirmed that around 340 men and women of Dominican origin were part of the US Armed Forces during the World War II. British Hong Kong consisted of Hong Kong Island, the Kowloon Peninsula, and the New Territories. He was originally given a ten-year sentence but that later changed and, in 1942, he was executed. During World War II, in the course of Operation Barbarossa, Nazi Germany invaded Estonia in JulyDecember 1941, and occupied the country until 1944. The regiment was involved in action from the very start and served at Dunkirk, in the Greek Campaign (about 600 soldiers were captured in Kalamata in 1941), North Africa (Operation Compass), France, the Middle East and Italy. Our father was also in very grave danger because of his profession. However, after the German invasion of Greece in April 1941, German forces managed to occupy mainland Greece and, a month later, the island of Crete. The British Cabinet, in response to Churchill, authorized at least the preparation of a plan for a landing at Narvik; and in mid-December 1939 a Norwegian politician, Vidkun Quisling, leader of a pro-Nazi party, was introduced to Hitler. For example, the Directors exercised their powers pursuant to the laws and regulations of the Republic of Estonia, but only to the extent that these had not been repealed or amended by the German military command. However, following the nominal unification of China at the end of the Northern Expedition in 1928, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek purged leftists from his party and fought against the revolting Chinese Communist Party, former warlords, and other militarist factions. Two West African and one East African division served in the Burma Campaign. The second Sino-Japanese War erupted in 1937 with Japan's full-scale invasion of China. [64], The Soviet Union urged military and cooperation between Communist China and Nationalist China during China's war against Japan. [26] Four Estonians most responsible for the murders at Kalevi-Liiva were accused at war crimes trials in 1961. While the British and French were struggling against the fast German advance elsewhere on the front, the Belgian forces were pushed into a pocket to the north. Mexico declared war on Germany in 1942 after German submarines attacked the Mexican oil tankers Potrero del Llano and Faja de Oro that were transporting crude oil to the United States. Estonia declared neutrality at the outbreak of World War II (19391945), but the country was repeatedly contested, invaded and occupied, first by the Stalinist Soviet Union in 1940, then by Nazi Germany in 1941, and ultimately reinvaded and reoccupied in 1944 by the Soviet Union. The battle of Tartu lasted two weeks, and destroyed most of the city. We offer information on World War 2 History, World War 2 Timeline, World War 2 Facts, World War 2 Quotes, World War 2 . Bataillon Narwa was formed from the first 800 men of the Legion to have finished their training at Heidelager, being sent in April 1943 to join the Division Wiking in Ukraine. This led to then Prime Minister Michael Joseph Savage declaring two days later: With gratitude for the past and confidence in the future we range ourselves without fear beside Britain. Britain agreed to an alliance with the Soviet Union in July, with both nations committing to assisting one another by any means, and to never negotiate a separate peace. However, those individuals who served in the units during the commission of crimes against humanity are to be held responsible for their own actions. On May 5, 1943 the 3rd Waffen-SS Brigade (Estonian), another fully Estonian unit, was formed and sent to the front near Nevel. All these stories that are shared help us feel that we are part of an ongoing saga. These included: the British West Indies, British Honduras, British Guiana and the Falkland Islands. They were in frequent contact through ambassadors, top generals, foreign ministers and special emissaries such as the American Harry Hopkins. Anne Frank Biography: Who was Anne Frank? On 16 March 1939 the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was proclaimed after negotiations with Emil Hcha, who remained technically head of state with the title of State President. [57] However American forces managed to sink four of Japan's six large aircraft carriers that had initiated the attack on Pearl Harbor along with other attacks on Allied forces. On 28 May, the King Leopold III surrendered himself and his military to the Germans, having decided the Allied cause was lost. Near Tartu, the 3rd Baltic Front was stopped by the Kampfgruppe "Wagner" which involved military groups sent from Narva under the command of Alfons Rebane and Paul Vent and the 5th SS Volunteer Sturmbrigade Wallonien led by Lon Degrelle. The forests and bogs are our territory while the fields and farms are occupied by the enemy [i.e., the Soviets]".[2]. The Allies became a formalized group upon the Declaration by United Nations on 1 January 1942, which was signed by 26 nations around the world; these ranged from governments in exile from the Axis occupation to small nations far removed from the war. British India included the areas and peoples covered by later India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and (until 1937) Burma/Myanmar, which later became a separate colony. Thanks for this essay Tania Lestal. The Allies consisted of the United. The French government in 1936 attempted to grant independence to its mandate of Syria in the Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence of 1936 signed by France and Syria. We tried to get home via side streets, even when we got home I couldnt be free of the shock. The Southern Rhodesian colonial government issued a symbolic declaration of war nevertheless on 3 September 1939, which made no difference diplomatically but preceded the declarations of war made by all other British dominions and colonies.[36]. It seeks the systematic and total destruction of those conquered by Hitler and it does not treaty with the nations which it has subdued. However, Allied aid remained low because the Burma Road was closed and the Allies suffered a series of military defeats against Japan early on in the campaign. It was not a sovereign dominion. [23] Roosevelt wanted to play down these ideological tensions. One day a police officer came from Kehra, The policeman had known Judge Laanekrb for years and told him it pained him to do this, but he had to take him in. A battalion of Estonians led by Rudolf Bruus destroyed a Soviet bridgehead. They also tried to In World War II, Estonia was an occupied country. [63] US President Franklin D. Roosevelt accepted dispatching them to China in early 1941. Canada. [64] The Soviet Union also urged military and cooperation between Nationalist China and Communist China during the war.[64]. In collaboration with the OSS, 413 Allied airmen shot down over Yugoslavia were rescued and evacuated. Westport, Connecticut, US: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2003. pp. No ghettos were created in Estonia during the German occupation. After a few months, former Czechoslovak President Bene organized a committee in exile and sought diplomatic recognition as the legitimate government of the First Czechoslovak Republic. The Jewish community quickly prepared its application for cultural autonomy. This is how we can understand ourselves better. However, the Caribbean state had already been engaged in war actions since before the formal declaration of war. Estonia had gained independence in 1918 from the then warring German and Russian Empires. About 30,000 Cypriots served in the Cyprus Regiment. Originally he had intended to respect Norways neutrality. The Jewish National Endowment presented the Estonian government with a certificate of gratitude for this achievement. The Russians, who were the occupiers, tried to suppress Estonian culture and identity. At the Potsdam Conference of JulyAugust 1945, Roosevelt's successor, HarryS. Truman, proposed that the foreign ministers of China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States "should draft the peace treaties and boundary settlements of Europe", which led to the creation of the Council of Foreign Ministers of the "Big Five", and soon thereafter the establishment of those states as the permanent members of the UNSC. These prisoners were mainly Jews, with smaller groups of Russians, Dutch, and Estonians. During the ensuing fighting, Belgian forces fought alongside French and British forces against the invaders. On 30 November, the Soviet Union attacked Finland, for which it was expelled from the League of Nations. They totaled 3,045, fulfilling the minimum requirement of 3000 for cultural autonomy. American naval forces attained some early successes against Japan. Then rumours leaked out, prematurely, of British designs on Norwayas, in fact, Winston Churchill, first lord of the Admiralty, was arguing that mines should be laid in Norwegian waters to stop the export of Swedish iron ore from Gllivare to Germany through Norways rail terminus and port of Narvik. [19][24] Out the approximately 4,300 Jews in Estonia prior to the war, almost 1000 were entrapped by the Nazis.[23][25]. Syria had become an official republic in 1930 and was largely self-governing. The hardships endured by our ancestors will not be forgotten. Field Marshal Walter Model was nominated the leader of the German Army Group North. Mexico formed Escuadrn 201 fighter squadron as part of the Fuerza Area Expedicionaria Mexicana (FAEM"Mexican Expeditionary Air Force"). Most Estonians greeted the Germans with relatively open arms and hoped for the restoration of independence. That's in the run of things. Many thousands were forced on death marches along the Baltic coast. After the annexation, Estonians were subject to conscription into the Red Army, which by international law is illegal if Estonia is not considered to have been a part of the USSR. This agreement allowed all Norwegian forces in exile to operate under UK command. Saudi Arabia severed diplomatic contacts with Germany on 11 September 1939, and with Japan in October 1941. During the ensuing battle the ABDA fleet suffered heavy losses, and was mostly destroyed after several naval battles around Java; the ABDA Command was later dissolved. King Peter II and much of the Yugoslavian government had left the country. There four more Soviet servicemen were killed. In the lead-up to the war between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany, relations between the two states underwent several stages. Tensions increased further when Roosevelt died and his successor Harry Truman rejected demands put forth by Stalin. [6] [12] The following August saw the Atlantic Conference between American President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, which defined a common Anglo-American vision of the postwar world, as formalized by the Atlantic Charter.[13]. [27] Fewer than a dozen Estonian Jews are known to have survived the war in Estonia. British frustration over King Farouk's reign over Egypt resulted in the Abdeen Palace incident of 1942 where British Army forces surrounded the royal palace and demanded a new government be established, nearly forcing the abdication of Farouk until he submitted to British demands. On January 27, 1940, Hitler ordered plans for an invasion of Norway, for use if he could no longer respect Norways neutrality. Chris Bellamy. Following the 1931 Mukden Incident, the puppet state of Manchukuo was established. La comunidad juda en Sosa (2)", "Dominican Republic as Haven for Jewish Refugees", "Embajada de los Estados Unidos y el Museo Memorial de la Resistencia Abren Exposicin en honor a Veteranos Dominicanos de la Segunda Guerra Mundial", "Fighting for Britain NZ and the Second World War", "Military contribution of Poland to World War II Wojsko Polskie Departament Wychowania i Promocji Obronnoci", "73. rocznica sowieckiej napaci na Polsk", "Prezydent Ignacy Mocicki cz 3 prof. dr hab. Norway's cabinet signed a military agreement with Britain on 28 May 1941. Before the war, Belgium had pursued a policy of neutrality and only became an Allied member after being invaded by Germany on 10 May 1940. View the list of all donors. Our neighbours who lived above us, the Talivees, got a few things as well. Between the end of World War I and 1940, Estonia was an independent republic. [19], The process of Jewish settlement in Estonia began in the 19th century, when in 1865 Alexander II of Russia granted them the right to enter the region. Both German troops and Estonian partisans took Narva on August 17 and the Estonian capital Tallinn on August 28. In addition to preventing a two-front war that had battered its forces in the last world war, the agreement secretly divided the independent states of Central and Eastern Europe between the two powers and assured adequate oil supplies for the German war machine. In 1941, Mr Talivee was arrested and sent to Sevurallag in Siberia. [94] The II Corps, numbering 83,000 along with civilians, began to be evacuated from the USSR in mid-1942. The Absolute War. [23] Stalin and the Soviets used the potential employment of the second front as an 'acid test' for their relations with the Anglo-American powers. The Charter was signed by 50 states on 26 June (Poland had its place reserved and later became the 51st "original" signatory),[citation needed] and was formally ratified shortly after the war on 24 October 1945. Indian soldiers earned 30 Victoria Crosses during the Second World War. Churchill referred to the "Grand Alliance" of the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union,[14][15] which together played the largest role in prosecuting the war. From 1943 to 1945, the US also led and coordinated the Western Allies' war effort in Europe under the leadership of General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Table of Contents World War II: Germany invading Poland See all media Category: History & Society Date: September 3, 1939 - September 2, 1945 Participants: Axis powers Belgium Free French Greece Honduras Iraq Italy Japan New Zealand Allied powers . The squadron was attached to the 58th Fighter Group of the United States Army Air Forces and carried out tactical air support missions during the liberation of the main Philippine island of Luzon in the summer of 1945. Ethiopia declared war on Germany, Italy and Japan in December 1942. On 1 August 1944, the Finnish government and President Risto Ryti were to resign. German and Soviet cooperation against Poland in 1939 has been described as co-belligerence.[46][47]. The far-right Nazi Party led by Adolf Hitler, which had formed shortly after the peace treaty, exploited growing popular resentment and desperation to become the dominant political movement in Germany. [96] That army was fighting on the eastern front, alongside the Soviet forces, including the Battle of Berlin, the closing battle of the European theater of war. On February 23, 1989 the flag of the Estonian SSR had been lowered on Pikk Hermann; it was replaced with the flag of Estonia to mark Estonian Independence Day on February 24, 1989. Views of World War II veteran, an Estonian, Views of World War II veteran, a Russian fought on the Soviet side in Estonia answering a question: How do you feel being called an "occupier"? " The Greek Army managed to stop the Italian offensive from Italy's protectorate of Albania, and Greek forces pushed Italian forces back into Albania. [29], There are three Estonians who have been honoured with The Righteous Among the Nations: Uku Masing and his wife Eha Masing and Polina Lentsman.[30]. (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) on June 14-18. In the summer of 1940 he was also there. For the duration of the occupation, Estonia was incorporated into the German province of Ostland .

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